Glossary

Bear Market

See Also:

Bear: Bear is one who expects a decline in prices. The Bear trader is is the opposite of a Bull trader. A Bear (bearish trader) expect to profit on declining price. A news item is considered bearish if it is expected to result in lower prices.

Bull: Bull is a trader who expects a rise in prices. Bull trader is the opposite of bear. Bullish trader expects to profit on rising price. A news item is considered bullish if it is expected to result in higher prices.

Bull Market: Bull Market (also called Bullish Market) is a market in which prices generally are rising over a longer period of time. Bull market is opposite of bear market. A market participant who believes prices will move higher is called a "bull." A news item is considered bullish if it is expected to result in higher prices.

Call: There are three meaning of the "Call" term. It could be:
1) An option contract giving the buyer the right but not the obligation to purchase a commodity or other asset or to enter into a long futures position;
2) a period at the opening and the close of some futures markets in which the price for each futures contract is established by auction;
3) the requirement that a financial instrument be returned to the issuer prior to maturity, with principal and accrued interest paid off upon return.

Called: Called is another term for exercised when an option is a call. In the case of an option on a physical, the writer of a call must deliver the indicated underlying commodity when the option is exercised or called. In the case of an option on a futures contract, a futures position will be created that will require margin, unless the writer of the call has an offsetting position.

Long: Long Futures trader is a trader who has bought futures contracts or options on futures contracts or owns a cash commodity. Long position (long trading) is opposite to Short position (Short trading).

Low: Low is the lowest price of the day for a particular futures or options on futures contract.

Par: Par refers to the standard delivery point(s) and/or quality of a commodity that is deliverable on a futures contract at contract price. Serves as a benchmark upon which to base discounts or premiums for varying quality and delivery locations. Par in bond markets refers to an index (usually 100) representing the face value of a bond.

Rally: Rally is an upward movement of prices.

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